What You Should Know About Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a condition where women experience unusual bleeding from the uterus, outside of their regular menstrual periods. It can manifest as heavy, prolonged, or irregular bleeding and may occur after sexual intercourse or between periods. Women aged 28 to 45 are most affected by AUB, as hormonal changes, conditions like PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome), and uterine fibroids become more prevalent in this age group.

AUB condition can disrupt daily life, causing both physical and emotional distress, and should not be ignored as it could signal underlying health issues. In this article, an expert discusses the symptoms, causes, and management of this condition. 

Symptoms of AUB

AUB presents with a variety of symptoms that can differ in severity and duration. Some common signs include heavy or prolonged periods, where bleeding lasts longer than usual or is excessively heavy. Women may also experience irregular menstrual cycles, with periods that are either too short or too long. Spotting between periods or bleeding after sexual intercourse is another common symptom.

In more severe cases, women might pass large blood clots during menstruation, experience fatigue due to blood loss, or feel lightheaded and dizzy. Women who have reached menopause but experience any bleeding should seek medical attention, as this is considered abnormal.

What Causes AUB?

Several factors can contribute to AUB, with hormonal imbalances being a major cause. Conditions like PCOS, where hormonal levels fluctuate irregularly, often lead to irregular menstrual cycles and abnormal bleeding. Perimenopause, the transition phase to menopause, can also cause AUB due to hormonal fluctuations.

Other common causes include uterine fibroids, which are non-cancerous growths in the uterus that can cause heavy bleeding, and polyps, which are growths on the uterine lining that may cause irregular bleeding. Endometriosis, a condition where tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus, can also lead to abnormal bleeding.

Infections, pregnancy complications such as miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy, and blood clotting disorders may also result in AUB. Certain medications, particularly blood thinners or hormonal contraceptives, can contribute to abnormal uterine bleeding as well.

How AUB Can Be Managed

Women experiencing AUB should consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Keeping track of bleeding patterns, flow intensity, and any other associated symptoms can be helpful for doctors to determine the underlying cause. Staying hydrated is important to combat fatigue and dehydration from excessive blood loss.

Additionally, women should focus on a diet rich in iron, such as leafy greens, legumes, and nuts, to replenish lost iron. Following prescribed treatments, whether medication or other therapies, is essential for managing AUB. Adequate rest during heavy bleeding periods can help prevent exhaustion.

Abnormal uterine bleeding is a common issue for women who are more susceptible to hormonal fluctuations and conditions like PCOS and fibroids. Timely diagnosis and treatment are crucial to managing AUB effectively, ensuring women can continue with their daily activities while safeguarding their health.

Dr. Wing Commander Sushil D. Garud is a Consultant - Laparoscopic & Uro-Gynaecology Surgeon at Motherhood Hospitals, Kharadi, Pune.