What Is IUGR And Why Is It Rising In Pregnancies? A Doctor Explains

Pregnancy is a crucial time wherein the health of both the mother and baby should be monitored. One concerning condition that expecting mothers tend to experience is Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) during Pregnancy. IUGR means the baby is not growing properly in the womb and can be risky for the baby if left unmanaged. IUGR happens when the fetus does not grow at the normal rate inside the uterus. Babies with IUGR may have low birth weight and complications (low birth weight, preterm birth) during delivery or after birth.

Several factors can lead to IUGR:  

Poor nutrition during pregnancy is a leading cause when the mother does not get enough essential nutrients, and the baby’s growth can be affected. Lack of proper sleep and high levels of stress can also disrupt hormonal balance and blood flow to the fetus. Poor maternal nutrition and stress, utero-placental insufficiency, where the placenta isn’t able to supply nutrients adequately, can cause this condition. Other factors like hypertension, sleep deprivation, and even a lack of family support can lead to this condition. Environmental exposure to toxins or pollution, and issues like high blood pressure or diabetes, are also the causes of this condition. Genetic conditions may also play a role.

IUGR is detected during routine prenatal checkups when the baby’s growth is found to be slower than expected. Doctors may notice it if the fundal height (the size of the uterus) is smaller than average for the gestational age. To confirm this, the woman will be asked to opt for an ultrasound to monitor the baby’s weight, growth percentiles, and amniotic fluid levels. A Doppler scan may follow to check blood flow in the umbilical cord, detect placental insufficiency, a common cause of IUGR. Tests like fetal heart monitoring and maternal blood work will help to know about conditions such as hypertension or infections. It is essential to go for regular follow-ups with the doctor to be able to manage this condition.

Hence, a balanced diet loaded with iron, protein, vitamins, and healthy fats helps support fetal health. Moreover, de-stressing via meditation, light physical activity like walking (only after consulting the doctor), and getting 7–8 hours of sleep can be helpful for women. Proper care, nutrition, and awareness will help ensure a safer pregnancy and a healthier baby.

Authored By Dr. Manju Gupta - Senior Consultant - Obstetrician & Gynaecologist, Motherhood Hospitals, Noida.